Systems Thinking

Mercantilism, the economic doctrine that ran Europe from the sixteenth century to the eighteenth, held that a nation’s wealth was measured in bullion — gold and silver in the vault, full stop. It was a doctrine built around what a ledger could hold. A ship full of spices was wealth only once it had been converted into coin; a colony was valuable only for the specie it could be made to yield. Everything that could not be weighed, stamped, and entered into a column was, for accounting purposes, not there. Adam Smith spent much of The Wealth of Nations (1776) dismantling this confusion of gold with wealth, but the instinct behind it — count what can be counted, and treat the rest as noise — outlived the theory that named it. …

In traditional engineering—civil, mechanical, structural—a “Senior Engineer” is someone the insurance company will let sign off on blueprints. If those blueprints fail and a bridge collapses, there is liability. There are lawsuits. There are corpses. The title is not social; it is a legal and physical fact. It is directly tied to how much you can be trusted, which directly tied to what you can earn. A Senior Engineer can be trusted because the product is permanent and failure is irreversible. …